Summary

• Climate stress is being linked directly to regional connectivity planning, especially for energy and transport projects designed in a less volatile climate.
• Glacier retreat, snow decline, drought, and flood risk are the main physical pressures cited across Central Asia and the Hindu Kush Himalaya.
• Major infrastructure under discussion includes CASA-1000, TAPI, and the International North-South Transport Corridor, all presented as vulnerable to climate disruption to varying degrees.
• Hydropower cooperation remains central, with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan advancing joint projects while Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan expand renewable capacity.
• Climate finance is a persistent constraint, with adaptation funding gaps and calls for stronger international support recurring across the material.
• Water security is treated as both an adaptation priority and a regional stability issue, especially where agriculture, irrigation, and river flows are under stress.