Key Points

• Antarctic field campaigns are recovering unusually old ice and sediment records that extend climate evidence back millions of years.
• Those records are being used to refine estimates of past greenhouse gases, ocean temperature, and ice-sheet behavior.
• West Antarctic stability remains the most policy-relevant applied theme, especially where sediment cores and modeling point to retreat under modest warming.
• Sea-level rise is a persistent downstream concern, with several pieces linking Antarctic ice loss to long-term or hard-to-reverse impacts.
• Radar and satellite work on buried Antarctic structures adds a geophysical layer to the same stability question.
• A smaller Arctic sediment-core strand adds paleoclimate context, but it is secondary to the Antarctic focus.
• The current signal is science-heavy, method-driven, and largely coherent rather than fragmented.